このページでは、一般動詞の現在形の肯定文、否定文、疑問文の正しい作り方、主語の人称と三人称単数形のsの付け方について学習していきます。 英語学習者必見の内容です！ ページの最後に練習問題もあるので挑戦してみましょう！
On this page, we'll explore how to construct affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences using general verbs in the present tense. We'll also focus on matching the grammatical person of the subject and on adding an 's' to verbs in the third person singular. This is essential reading for anyone learning English! Make sure to tackle the exercises at the end of the page!
一般動詞とは、be動詞以外の全ての動詞であり、現在形では主語が繰り返し行う習慣的な動作や一般的な状態を表しています。 一般動詞は、動作を表す動作動詞と、状態を表す状態動詞の2種類に大きく分けられます。
General verbs refer to all verbs except for the verb 'to be' and are commonly used in the simple present tense to depict habitual actions and general states performed by the subject. These verbs are broadly categorized into two types: action verbs, which describe activities, and stative verbs, which describe conditions or states of being.
| 一般動詞 General verb | 意味 Meaning |
|---|---|
| do | する |
| come | 来る |
| go | 行く |
| eat | 食べる |
| study | 勉強する |
| sleep | 寝る |
| 一般動詞 General verb | 意味 Meaning |
|---|---|
| like | 好む |
| want | 欲しい |
| know | 知る |
| mean | 意味する |
| seem | 〜のように見える |
| live | 住む |
英語の主語は、「自分」を指す一人称、「相手」を指す二人称、「第三者」を指す三人称の3種類に分類されます。 それぞれの人称には単数形と複数形が存在し、主語の人称が三人称単数形では、現在形の一般動詞の語尾に s が付け加えられるというルールがあります。 これを「三単現のs」と呼びます
In English, subjects are categorized into three types: the first person which refers to 'the speaker'; second person which refers to 'the listener or reader'; and third person which refers 'others.' It's also important to note that each person can appear in both singular and plural forms. Specifically, when the subject is in the third person singular, general verbs in the present tense are typically appended with an 's' at the end. This grammatical rule is known as the 'third person singular s'.
| 人称 Person | 単・複 Number | 主語 Subject |
|---|---|---|
| 一人称 First person | 単数形 Singular | I |
| 複数形 Plural | we | |
| 二人称 Second person | 単数形 Singular | you |
| 複数形 Plural | ||
| 三人称 Third person | 単数形 Singular |
he
she
it
that
this
my~
Emma
Tokyo
|
| 複数形 Plural |
they
these
those
A and B
cats
|
| 一般動詞の語尾 Verb endings | 三単現のs 's' endings | 例 Examples |
|---|---|---|
| [s, z, ch, sh, x, o] | [-es] |
pass→passes
watch→watches
wash→washes
fix→fixes
do→does
|
| [子音字＋y] [Consonant + y] | [-ies] |
dry→dries
copy→copies
try→tries
study→studies
|
| 上記以外 Other than the above | [-s] |
play→plays
eat→eats
come→comes
like→likes
seem→seems
|
アルファベット26文字のうち、[a, e, i, o, u]を母音字といい、これら以外すべての文字を子音字と呼ぶ。
Among the 26 letters of the alphabet, [a, e, i, o, u] are called vowels, and all the other letters are referred to as consonants.
He plays soccer every day.
he は三人称単数形の主語であるため、一般動詞には三単現のsを付ける
He play soccer every day.
We study English every day.
we は三人称単数以外の主語であるため、一般動詞は原形（そのままの形）を使う
We studies English every day.
一般動詞の現在形の肯定文を作るときは、〈主語 ＋ 一般動詞 ＋ 目的語 / その他〉の形に従って文を組み立てます。 このとき、主語が三人称単数形であれば、一般動詞の語尾に三単現のsを付け、それ以外の人称であれば、一般動詞の原形を使います。
When forming affirmative sentences in the present tense with general verbs, you should structure the sentence as [subject + general verb + object / other]. If the subject is third person singular, you add an 's' to the end of the verb. For any other person, you simply use the base form of the verb.
主語 ＋ 一般動詞 ＋ 目的語 / その他
Subject + General Verb + Object / Other
目的語は動詞の目的を表す語句。
The object is a word or phrase that represents the purpose of the verb.
Our teacher assigns homework every other day.
私たちの先生は毎日宿題を出します。
I do household chores every weekend.
私は毎週末家事をします。
This plant grows really fast.
この植物はとても速く成長します。
The solution turns pink in reaction to acid.
この溶液は酸に反応してピンク色に変わります。
一般動詞の現在形の否定文を作るときは、主語の人称が三人称単数形であれば、does not（短縮形: doesn't）を、 それ以外の場合は、do not（短縮形: don't）を一般動詞の前に置き、〈主語 ＋ [do / does] not ＋ 一般動詞の原形 ＋ 目的語 / その他〉の形に従って文を組み立てます。 否定文では、一般動詞に三単現のsは付けず、動詞の原形を使うので注意が必要です。
To form negative sentences in the present tense using general verbs, we use 'does not' (or 'doesn't') before the general verb if the subject is third person singular, and 'do not' (or 'don't') for all other subjects. Then structure the sentence in the form of [subject + [do / does] not + base form of the verb + object / other]. And remember, in negative sentences, we do not add an 's' to the general verb and always use the base form.
主語 ＋ [do / does] not ＋ 一般動詞の原形 ＋ 目的語 / その他
Subject + [do / does] not + Base form of the verb + Object / Other
目的語は動詞の目的を表す語句。
The object is a word or phrase that represents the purpose of the verb.
Kevin doesn't have a car.
ケビンは車を持っていません。
They don't speak French.
彼らはフランス語を話せません。
My father doesn't like dogs.
私の父は犬が好きではありません。
We don't go to the gym often.
私たちはあまりジムに行きません。
一般動詞の現在形の疑問文を作るときは、主語の人称が三人称単数形であれば、Doesで文を始め、それ以外の場合はDoを使い、〈Do / Does ＋ 一般動詞の原形 ＋ 目的語 / その他？〉の形に従って文を組み立てます。 疑問文でも、一般動詞に三単現のsは付けず、動詞の原形を使うので注意しましょう。そして、これらの疑問文には、Yes / No を使って答えます。
When forming interrogative sentences in the present tense using general verbs, we start the sentence with 'Does' if the subject is third person singular, and 'Do' for all other subjects. The sentence should be structured as [Do / Does + base form of the verb + object / other?]. Remember, in interrogative sentences, we also do not add an 's' to the general verb and always use the base form. And these questions are typically answered with Yes / No.
Do / Does ＋ 主語 ＋ 一般動詞の原形 ＋ 目的語 / その他？
Do / Does + Subject ＋ Base form of the verb + Object / Other?
目的語は動詞の目的を表す語句。
The object is a word or phrase that represents the purpose of the verb.
Do you study English every day? [Yes, I do.]
あなたは毎日英語を勉強しますか？
Does the sun always rise in the east? [Yes, it does.]
太陽はいつも東から昇りますか？
Do your cats sleep with you often? [No, they don't.]
あなたの猫はよくあなたと一緒に寝ますか？
Does it come with a warranty? [No, it doesn't.]
それに保証は付いていますか？
カッコ内の指示に従って一般動詞を書き換えよう。
Rewrite the verbs following the instructions in parentheses.
go (三単現のsに)
goes
play (三単現のsに)
plays
think (三単現のsに)
thinks
study (三単現に)
studies
以下の空欄を適切な語句で埋めましょう。
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
私の妹は甘いものが大好きです。
My sister ____ loves sweets.
タケシは毎日 YouTube で動画を見ますか？
____ Does Takeshi ____ watch videos on YouTube every day?
私には3人の兄弟がいます。
I ____ have three brothers.
カッコ内の指示に従って英文を書き換えよう。
Rewrite the sentences in English following the instructions in parentheses.
The TV doesn't work properly. (肯定文に)
The TV works properly.
Does your father listen to classical music? (否定文に)
My father doesn't listen to classical music.
The baseball game starts at 6pm tonight. (疑問文に)
Does the baseball game start at 6pm tonight?
カッコ内の英単語を正しい順番で並び替えよう。
Rearrange the English words in parentheses to form correct sentences.
あなたのスカーフは靴の色に合っていません。
[ match / the color of your shoes / doesn't / your scarf ].
Your scarf doesn't matche the color of your shoes.
私のジャケットにはポケットが3つあります。
[ has / my jacket / three / pockets ].
My jacket has tree pockets.
あなたはよくケンタとテニスをしますか？
[ with Kenta / do / tennis / you / play ] often?
Do you play tennis with Kenta often?